A cataract is an eye condition that affects vision, especially as people age. It occurs when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision, poor night vision, and light sensitivity. As per the World Health Organization , cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Thanks to modern medical advancements, if detected on time, they are treatable.
In this blog, we will discuss cataracts in detail – why they occur, their symptoms, risk factors, and how they can be treated. Whether you are experiencing vision problems yourself or want to understand more about cataracts for a loved one, this blog will provide valuable insights.
Understanding Eye Cataracts
Let’s take the example of a camera – as the human eye functions very much like it. The lens of the camera plays a crucial role in capturing pictures. If the camera lens is cloudy, greasy or dirty, it is impossible to capture clear pictures.
Similarly, the lens of the eyes help in focusing light onto the retina, thereby allowing us to see. When cataracts occur, the normally clear lens becomes cloudy, preventing light from passing through effectively. This clouding of the eye lens leads to blurry or impaired vision.
Cataracts develop gradually and may initially go unnoticed. However, once they progress, they can significantly limit daily activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. If left untreated, they can even lead to blindness.
Why Do Cataracts Happen?
Cataracts mainly occur due to changes in the proteins and fibers of the eye’s lens. These changes can be triggered by factors like aging, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices. Here’s a detailed list of the main causes of cataract:
1. Aging (The Most Common Cause)
Aging is the leading cause of cataracts all over the world. This is because, as we grow older, the proteins in the eye lens start to break down and clump together – forming cloudy patches. This generally happens after the age of 40, but noticeable vision problems mostly appear after 60.
2. UV Radiation
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can accelerate cataract formation. The UV rays cause oxidative damage to the lens, leading to eventual clouding of the lens. Therefore, wearing sunglasses with UV protection helps reduce the risk of cataract.
3. Medical Conditions (Diabetes & Hypertension)
People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts. This is because high blood sugar levels cause changes in the lens. Similarly, uncontrolled hypertension, i.e, high blood pressure leads to cataract formation.
(READ MORE: The Link Between Diabetes & Cataracts )
4. Smoking & Alcohol Consumption
Smoking releases harmful chemicals into the body, which increase oxidative stress in the eyes – speeding up cataract development. Similarly, excessive alcohol consumption also contributes to early formation of cataracts.
5. Prolonged Use of Steroid Medications
Long-term use of corticosteroid medications, commonly prescribed for conditions like asthma, arthritis etc, leads to early cataract formation.
6. Eye Injuries & Trauma
Eye injuries caused from an accident or surgery, can lead to a traumatic cataract. Such cataracts can develop immediately or years after the injury.
7. Genetic & Congenital Factors
Some babies are born with cataracts – known as congenital cataracts. This happens due to genetic mutations or infections during pregnancy. Congenital cataracts need to be treated early to prevent vision impairment or blindness in children.
8. Nutritional Deficiencies
A diet lacking in antioxidants, vitamins C and E, and omega-3 fatty acids may increase the risk of cataracts. Therefore, including green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and nuts in your diet can help maintain eye health and prevent the risk of cataract.
Symptoms of Cataracts
Cataracts develop gradually, so their symptoms may not be noticeable in the beginning. However, as they progress, these symptoms may appear:
- Blurry or cloudy vision
- Increased sensitivity to light
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Halos around lights
- Frequent changes in specs number
- Faded or yellowed colors
- Double vision in one eye
If you or a loved one has been experiencing any of these symptoms, visit an eye specialist for a thorough examination.
Types of Cataracts
Based on how they develop in the eye lens, cataracts can be of the following types:
- Nuclear Cataracts
These form in the centre (nucleus) of the lens and mostly happen with age.
- Cortical Cataracts
These develop around the edges of the lens and then gradually extend toward the centre. Such cataracts often affect people with diabetes.
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
These cataracts form at the back of the lens and progress rapidly. They can cause significant vision problems, especially if exposure to bright light is high.
- Congenital Cataracts
Such cataracts are present at birth or develop in early childhood. They happen due to genetics or infections during pregnancy.
Treatment Options for Cataracts
1. Cataract Surgery
When cataracts start interfering with daily activities, undergoing surgery is one of the safest and most effective treatments. Cataract eye surgery has three main types:
| Phacoemulsification (Phaco) | Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) | Robotic + AI Cataract Surgery |
| It is the most common technique for cataract removal. It uses ultrasound waves to break the cloudy lens into small pieces. These are then removed and an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted to restore vision. | This is a bladeless and more precise version of cataract surgery that uses a laser to make incisions. It offers quicker recovery and better accuracy compared to other treatments. | This breakthrough procedure integrates Callisto system and FEMTO laser. It allows real-time eye tracking & high-definition imaging for a highly customized and blade-free cataract removal experience. |
2. Lifestyle Adjustments
- Wear anti-glare sunglasses
- Use brighter lighting for reading
- Update eyeglass prescriptions regularly
- Go for regular eye checkups
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants
- Quit smoking & limit alcohol intake
- Manage diabetes & blood pressure effectively
It is important to note that the only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery. However, in the early stages, lifestyle changes and prescription glasses may offer temporary help.
To Sum Up
Cataract is a natural part of aging, but it does not necessarily lead to blindness if treated timely. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you make informed decisions about treating and managing cataracts.
If you are looking for an eye hospital in Chandigarh for cataract treatment, Sohana Eye Hospital can be a great choice for early diagnosis and modern cataract surgery options. Proper care and timely intervention is crucial to be able to enjoy a lifetime of healthy vision. Happy seeing!
